{"id":1817,"date":"2023-10-25T21:17:03","date_gmt":"2023-10-25T21:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/?page_id=1817"},"modified":"2024-06-14T02:52:18","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T02:52:18","slug":"combat-operational-stress","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/combat-operational-stress\/","title":{"rendered":"COMBAT OPERATIONAL STRESS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1817\" class=\"elementor elementor-1817\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6652a7a elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6652a7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ab27cf\" data-id=\"6ab27cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2c21d5 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a2c21d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 17-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Combat  and Operational Stress Reactions<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3c9365 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3c9365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 17-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Combat and operational stress reactions (COSRs) are defined as \u201cphysical, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral reactions, adverse consequences, or psychological injuries of service members who have been exposed to stressful or traumatic events in combat or military operations. COSRs can vary in severity depending on a variety of operational conditions, including intensity, duration, frequency of combat exposure, leadership, and unit morale, among other things. COSRs, however, do not represent mental health disorders or medically diagnosable conditions and concerns.<\/p><p>The term \u2018combat and operational stress reaction\u2019 is used to describe two different types of military stress reactions: acute stress reactions in the combat environment called combat stress reactions (CSRs), and reactions to more sustained military operational stressors, or operational stress reactions (OSRs).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2d3336\" data-id=\"f2d3336\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5552c08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5552c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 17-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"652\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Military-Mom-Stressed-1024x835.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1822\" alt=\"Military Mom Stressed out on the kitchen floor with son comforting\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Military-Mom-Stressed-1024x835.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Military-Mom-Stressed-600x489.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Military-Mom-Stressed-300x245.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Military-Mom-Stressed-768x626.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Military-Mom-Stressed.webp 1139w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3716da1 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3716da1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-153515d\" data-id=\"153515d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdd1993 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bdd1993\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Combat Stress Reactions<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ca779c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ca779c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>CSRs occur in combat or preparation for combat. They are hard-wired survival responses that encompass physiological, behavioral, emotional, mental, and other changes in body processes. Life-threatening situations trigger the autonomic nervous system, which is regulated by two opposing divisions \u2014 the sympathetic nervous system, responsible for\u00a0<strong>arousal<\/strong>, and the parasympathetic nervous system, responsible for \u2018<strong>shutdown<\/strong>.&#8217;<\/p><p>The result is a continuum of automatic responses referred to as the \u2018defense cascade,\u2019 characterized by extreme (but relatively brief) highs or lows in physiological functions, such as awareness\/arousal, behavioral, emotional, mental, speech, and sensorimotor. These changes are intense and cause moderate to severe impairment while they last, but their duration is only hours or, at most, a few days.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb96863\" data-id=\"eb96863\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0bf4b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0bf4b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Combat Operational Stress<\/strong> \u2013 the sum of the physical and emotional stressors experienced due to combat or extended operations.<\/p><p><strong>Combat\/Operational Stress Reaction<\/strong> (COSR) \u2013 broad group of physical, mental and emotional signs that result from combat\/operation stress.<\/p><p><strong>Combat\/Operational Stress Reaction Casualty<\/strong> \u2013 Soldier who is combat ineffective due to COSR.<\/p><p><strong>Battle Fatigue<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Broad group of physical, mental and emotional signs that result from COS.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71575a5 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71575a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-627c2b0\" data-id=\"627c2b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-330a8d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"330a8d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 17-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1d44cf\" data-id=\"a1d44cf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58b700d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58b700d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Examples of Combat Stressors<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f90a340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f90a340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Fear\/anxiety of pain or death<\/li><li>Fear of failure, disgrace, shame<\/li><li>Grief, rage<\/li><li>Ethical dilemmas &amp; limitations<\/li><li>Moral injuries<\/li><li>Excessive self-blame &amp; guilt<\/li><li>Internal conflicts<\/li><li>Boredom, restriction<\/li><li>Home front worries or concerns<\/li><li>Personal injury<\/li><li>Killing of combatants<\/li><li>Witnessing a death<\/li><li>Death of another unit member<\/li><li>Loss of a limb<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4825e5f elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4825e5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3705e86\" data-id=\"3705e86\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a841aa elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a841aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Operational Stress Reactions<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-251b187 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"251b187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>OSRs are expected temporary behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and physical changes resulting from the experiences or consequences of repeated exposure to a single stressor, or multiple stressors, in combat or non-combat operational settings.<\/p><p>Some of the operational stress reactions a service member may experience include anxiety or fear; attention, concentration, or memory deficits; burnout, emotional exhaustion, or being disengaged; depressed mood, sadness, helplessness, or grief; difficulty falling or staying asleep; frustration, irritability, or anger; and PTSD symptoms.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff1dede\" data-id=\"ff1dede\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a40ebf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a40ebf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Examples of Operational Stressors<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-916e892 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"916e892\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.22.0 - 17-06-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#0c0d0e;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-block-end:0;flex-grow:1;border-block-start:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left 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.elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bc566a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3bc566a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Difficult living &amp; working environment<\/li><li>Harassment, bullying, or work conflicts<\/li><li>High workload<\/li><li>Exposure to trauma, danger, &amp; loss<\/li><li>Sleep disrupting work conditions<\/li><li>Stressful events involving loved ones<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-15edd2f5 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"15edd2f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-568d5b94\" data-id=\"568d5b94\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcef68d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fcef68d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interventions<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c330609 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c330609\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3717b7ef\" data-id=\"3717b7ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-112cc8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"112cc8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wysiwygcopy\" data-ga-cat=\"Page Body\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Because COSRs are expected responses to combat and military operations, the services maintain combat and operational stress control (COSC) programs to improve service members\u2019 ability to manage combat and operational stress. The primary objectives of COSC programs are to:<\/p><ul style=\"text-align: left;\"><li><strong>help service members recognize signs and symptoms of COSRs<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>prevent them through training to increase confidence and skills<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>decrease the impact of combat and operational stress with simple measures, such as reassurance, rest, and ensuring safety<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"text-align: left;\">If service members with COSRs do not respond to initial interventions, referral to a licensed mental health provider is recommended.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">PHCoE\u2019s\u00a0<a title=\"COMBAT STRESS REACTIONS: Tips for Providers\" href=\"https:\/\/health.mil\/Reference-Center\/Publications\/2021\/05\/11\/PHCoE_CSRs_Provider_Tips_8_27_2020\">Combat Stress Reactions: Tips for Providers<span class=\"visiblyHidden\">COMBAT STRESS REACTIONS: Tips for Providers<\/span><\/a>\u00a0offers an overview of the \u2018defense cascade\u2019 described above, examples of service members\u2019 experiences, and tips for working with service members who may experience CSRs.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Similarly, PHCoE\u2019s\u00a0<a title=\"Operational Stress Reactions: Tips for Providers\" href=\"https:\/\/health.mil\/Reference-Center\/Publications\/2021\/07\/19\/Operational-Stress-Reactions-Tips-for-Providers\">Operational Stress Reactions: Tips for Providers<span class=\"visiblyHidden\">Operational Stress Reactions: Tips for Providers<\/span><\/a> offers an overview of the most common operational stressors and associated indicators; and provides guidance on assessing, intervening, and planning for potential upcoming OSRs.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5aa0233 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5aa0233\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f379f52\" data-id=\"f379f52\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a9cd4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5a9cd4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4bb68c26 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4bb68c26\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ead584\" data-id=\"4ead584\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52972c1b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-1959 elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"52972c1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"155\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Alpha-Stim-logo-1024x199.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-869 lazyload\" alt=\"Alpha-Stim logo\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Alpha-Stim-logo-1024x199.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Alpha-Stim-logo-scaled-600x117.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Alpha-Stim-logo-300x58.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Alpha-Stim-logo-768x150.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Alpha-Stim-logo-1536x299.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Alpha-Stim-logo-2048x399.webp 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 800px; 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It has no lasting side effects, no risk of addiction, and no danger of interaction with medications.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efff665 elementor-mobile-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-1940 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7efff665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/alpha-stim.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">MORE INFORMATION<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-324a939d\" data-id=\"324a939d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-701d945c elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-1943 elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"701d945c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1212\" height=\"1021\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices.webp\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-full size-full wp-image-1450 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices.webp 1212w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices-600x505.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices-300x253.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices-1024x863.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices-768x647.webp 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1212px) 100vw, 1212px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1212px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1212\/1021;\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1212\" height=\"1021\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices.webp\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-full size-full wp-image-1450\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices.webp 1212w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices-600x505.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices-300x253.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices-1024x863.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.stress.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Alpha-Stim-Devices-768x647.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1212px) 100vw, 1212px\" \/><\/noscript>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Combat and Operational Stress Reactions Combat and operational stress reactions (COSRs) are defined as \u201cphysical, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral reactions, adverse consequences, or psychological injuries of service members who have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1671,"featured_media":1821,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - 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